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Title: Facebook Developing Ability to Read Your Thoughts... & The Dark Secret of Machine Learning
Published: 2017-04-28
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nj9AUTUliX4
Title: Facebook Developing Ability to Read Your Thoughts... & The Dark Secret of Machine Learning
Published: 2017-04-28
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nj9AUTUliX4
1/51
Hey out there I'm Jeff to resell and welcome to another edition of mine tak today Facebook is developing brain computer interfaces the dark secret at the heart of a I and is there a war between neuroscience in psychiatry WNED if you haven't already check out news but academy which is now offering a course taught by our own professor Philip garage image on the foundations of Anglo2/51
American and Russian geopolitics we hope to see you there our first article today is published in techcrunch on April nineteenth twenty seventeen by Josh constant the title says Facebook is building brain computer interfaces for typing and skin hearing I think Efate developer conference held in San Jose California on April nineteenth Facebook announced that it has a team of sixty engineers who are working on a brain3/51
computer interface that will allow you to type using only your mind and no invasive implants so what if you could type directly from your brain Regina Dugan asked the crowd Dugan is the former director of the defense advanced research projects agency or DARPA and is the current head of Facebook's hardware research and development lab known as building eight she was also formerly the head of Google's4/51
advanced technology and projects group what the Facebook team wants to do according to Dugan is to use optical imaging to scan your brain a hundred times per second to detect you speaking silently in your head and then translate that into text Dugan emphasized to the audience that this could all be done without the use of surgical implants building eight which was announced only a year ago5/51
is working with several university research programs employing people who specialize in three unique areas these areas are machine learning for decoding speech and language building optical neuro imaging systems with advanced spatial resolution and next generation neural prosthetics another building a project is to create skin hearing devices which let your skin that mimic the cochlea in your ear which translates sound into specific frequencies for your brain6/51
the author points out that this technology could allow deaf people to hear now apparently neither the author of this article nor Regina Dugan have heard of dinner a phone which was patented in nineteen sixty eight and was able to achieve the same result we discussed the near a phone on the last episode of mine hack Dugan played a video of a team of engineers using a7/51
system of actuators tune to sixteen different frequency bands which allowed subjects to hear and recognize nine different words through their skin also in the last episode of mine hack we discuss the experiments of dawn justice in in nineteen seventy five which used microwave pulses to successfully achieve the very same speech recognition result the article goes on to talk about how this announcement is in no way8/51
Facebook's big reveal for building a Facebook hired Regina Dugan a year ago and then quickly signed collaboration deals with Stanford Harvard and MIT according to their public job listings the building eight department is currently looking to fill roles such as brain computer interface engineer and neural imaging engineer the author of the article Josh Cohen Steen goes on to talk about how this trend of Facebook in9/51
researching hardware seeks to capitalize on their one point eight billion user base as potential Guinea pigs for experiments he rightly points out that advances in technology like these often conjure up images in our head of a dystopian future similar to the one described in the novel nineteen eighty four specifically the idea of the thought police as much as Facebook tries to position itself as appearing benevolent10/51
and compassionate the author says they still have a long way to go in convincing the public who is rightly skeptical about advances like these in technology Facebook past record of non consensual experiments on its users does not inspire confidence in its ethics as a company and no public relations campaign can erase that what's also curious to me is that this scheme hearing device seems to be11/51
achieving a result which could already be achieved as early as nineteen seventy five are the engineers of Facebook really ignorant of this background information I find that difficult to believe especially considering the fact that Dugan is the former director DARPA which has been involved in researching brain compete since the nineteen seventies Regina Dugan an expert in counterterrorism began as a program manager for DARPA in nineteen12/51
ninety six and became the first female director of the agency serving from two thousand nine to two thousand twelve it's worth noting that Dugan currently sits on the board of a medical software company called Varian and is social video gaming company called Zynga known for its successful game farmville so what's going on here R. Dugan in Facebook now involved in a project that publicizes formerly secret13/51
military technology from our past in a controlled and seemingly benevolent way I can only speculate as to the answer to that question but let's just take a look at one example of how our government intended to make use of a remote sound projection technology in today's mind hacked flash that today we flash back to March seventeenth nineteen ninety three when a meeting took place in a14/51
suburb near Arlington Virginia between U. S. intelligence officials and Dr Igor Smirnov Smirnoff was a Russian scientist who founded the psycho technology research institute in Moscow which was developing a computerized acoustic device allegedly capable of implanting thoughts into a person's mind without their knowledge anonymous attendee of the meeting reported to defense electronics magazine that officials from the FBI were interested in speaking with smeared off to15/51
see if his device could be used on David Koresh Koresh was the leader of a cult called the branch Davidians who was at that exact point in time engaged in a standoff with federal law enforcement officials in Waco Texas because Koresh refused to cooperate in a federal investigation into his ownership of illegal weapons his entire congregation we're now considered hostages by the FBI smeared off suggestion16/51
during the meeting according to the source was to send subliminal messages to Koresh during the negotiations to mimic the voice of god in his head and convince him to release the innocent members of his group spinoffs technology officially called psycho correction was known to the intelligence community for sometime as it had been used by the Soviet Union for targeting the mujahideen in Afghanistan during the Cold17/51
War this is why the meeting was also attended by representatives from the Central Intelligence Agency defense intelligence agency advanced research projects agency and department of defense who were all concerned with the national security implications of such a technology because smeared off could not promise FBI officials a zero risk guaranteed coupled with the fact that the device he brought to the meeting was not sophisticated enough to18/51
be used in Waco the FBI ultimately decided against using this device on David Koresh as a result of this meeting the United States reached an agreement with Smirnoff that Russia would shared technology with US intelligence agencies in exchange for stock in his Moscow company which was now vastly underfunded in the post Soviet era the Waco standoff ultimately ended in tragedy as the compound burst into flames19/51
killing seventy six people including David Koresh this event is widely considered as one of the greatest failures a federal law enforcement so clearly the advanced research projects agency now known as DARPA which attended this meeting would Smirnoff was interested in remote mind control technology in nineteen ninety three this is another clear example that remote sound projection technology is on the table for use as a tactic20/51
by governments and law enforcement it and that is today's mine hack flashback the next article I want to look at today was published in the MIT technology review on April eleventh twenty seventeen by will night the title reads the dark secret at the heart of a I the article begins by describing a new type of self driving car developed by researchers at nvidia which relies on21/51
an algorithm to teach itself to drive while this is impressive it is also unsettling the author notes because it is not completely clear to researchers how the car makes its decisions information from sensors on the car go to a huge and complex network of artificial neurons which then produce a resulting command like the turning of the steering wheel the pushing of the break it cetera though22/51
these resulting commands often mimic those human drivers engineers at nvidia are currently unable to isolate the reasoning for each single action that the autonomous car makes this means that if the car does something unexpected they currently have no way of understanding why the car relies on something called deep learning which is really just a catchy buzz word for multi layered artificial neural networks these networks allow23/51
for more complex machine learning algorithms to create machines which can learn and operate autonomously this problem with understanding how neural networks in the car reaches decisions is the dark secret at the heart of courage AI research the author points out the deep learning has already proven to have great potential to revolutionize entire industries if engineers can only create when they I that is capable of explaining24/51
its decision making process to its creators Tommy jock ola a professor at MIT who works on applications of machine learning says it is a problem that is already relevant and it's going to be much more relevant in the future whether it's an investment decision a medical decision or maybe a military decision you don't want to just rely on a black box method the author points out25/51
that the European Union has recently discussed a regulation that would require companies to give users explanations for decisions that automated systems reached as of right now it would be impossible for any system to fully provide these explanations the other well night also points out that we can not always understand the thought processes of our fellow humans either but we use our intuition to develop trust amongst26/51
ourselves as humans how will we be able to develop the same trust with the machine that things very differently from the way we think one example of the mystery of deep learning is the deep patient program at Mount Sinai hospital in New York this program analyzed medical records of patients and was able to predict the onset of certain disorders such as schizophrenia with a higher degree27/51
of accuracy than the top positions at Mount Sinai of course predicting the onset of these disorders is not helpful unless doctors and patients can understand why and then take necessary medical measures in the early days of A. I. the machines method of decision making was transparent because it was created based on clearly defined rules by the person who programmed it that meant that anyone with a28/51
knowledge of programming could reverse engineer did decision by simply looking at the code but then programmers took inspiration from biology to create machines which learned by observing and experiencing the way humans do this new approach has allowed for the explosion in a I tack that produce a dramatic results like those of the deep patient program in efforts to understand this black box technology better a team29/51
of researchers at the university of Wyoming led by Jeff Clune I tended to trick an image recognition algorithm into seen images that were not actually there by exploiting the systems patterns of decision making one M. I T. professor Regina bars delay a recent breast cancer survivor is determined to apply these machine learning methods in the field of oncology Barzee les has worked with the doctors at30/51
Massachusetts General Hospital to develop a system which can identify early signs of cancer in patients this system takes a new step toward explaining his reasoning by highlighting specific snippets of text which are representative of a pattern that it is discovered in the data program manager of DARPA David getting is currently overseen the explainable artificial intelligence program at the agency this program has funded several research projects31/51
in academia and industry one of these projects relies on the research of Carlos western of the university of Washington whose team has developed machine learning systems that provide explanation by highlighting examples from data sets similar to bars delays algorithm the author points out that while the shows progress we are still a long way away from creating neural networks that are truly explainable Jeff Clune of the32/51
university of Wyoming suggests that perhaps a I is similar to humans in that its rationale for decision making cannot always be adequately explained he says it might just be part of the nature of intelligence that only part of it is exposed to rational explanation some of it is just instinctual or sub conscious or inscrutable the author will night concludes the article by advising us to be33/51
as cautious of the explanations given by a I as we are of the explanations given by our fellow humans I agree with night that we seem to be at a dangerous crossroads in a I research and that what we should do now is reconcile our need for ethical consistency with our desire for material convenience our final article for today was published in Scientific American on April34/51
twenty fifth twenty seventeen by Daniel barren the title reads the war between neuroscience and psychiatry the main subject of this article is a scientific paper which was published in the journal of the American medical association for psychiatry on March eighth twenty seventeen the paper attempts to apply the principles of neuroscience to the treatment of a common psychiatric disorder post traumatic stress disorder according to the author35/51
barren psychiatry houses a large contingent of people who believe that the study of neuroscience which focuses on the mechanical workings of the brain has little or no relevance to the clinical treatment of patients in Barron's view this debate is fueled by competition for funding among different schools of thought in clinical psychiatry but in his opinion it is outlandish that the relevance of neuroscience is still contested36/51
in his words what framework could possibly be more relevant than neuroscience to understanding brain dysfunction the paper he refers to is the result of the work of a team of psychiatrists led by Dr David Ross at Yale University and it outlines five key themes of neuroscience that Ross is team gained from previous research on PTSD patients fear conditioning dysregulated circuits memory reconsolidation epigenetic and genetic considerations37/51
Ross and his colleagues argue that these factors have an effect on physical brain mechanisms and that understanding these effects can lead to identifying better treatments the author barren with a certain arrogance in his tone states that the lack of a mechanistic approach to psychiatry is driven by a conflict between an intuitive approach versus a data driven approach he compares this professional skepticism with neuroscience to the38/51
feeling of disbelief he had as a high school sophomore when his teacher taught him that physical neurons are what created his thoughts this disbelief that thoughts originated from physical mechanisms is one that many share however bearing dismisses this as his own adolescent silliness and in doing so compares an entire contingent of the psychiatric community too silly adolescence I will say that the work of Ross and39/51
his colleagues does seem to suggest that neuroscience can help clinicians treat symptoms of PTSD by identifying the physical mechanisms that cause them however there is no underlying physical mechanism that causes PTSD itself PTSD is ultimately caused by human going through a traumatic experience which is very difficult to measure in a laboratory setting in my research for this episode I came across a rebuttal to this article40/51
published and days later in discover magazine entitled the fake war between neuroscience and psychiatry the rebuttal which was published under the pseudonym Nero skeptic offers many examples of how psychiatry has been integrated with neuroscience for some time the author Miro skeptic also argues that understanding the mechanisms of the brain alone is not enough to treat disease and cites the examples of many psychiatric medication which were41/51
discovered by accident during clinical trials eurosceptics final statement says we can't put neuroscience theory above clinical reality down that road lies well Magnus interestingly the title of Barron's article has now been changed on the scientific American website it now reads why psychiatry needs neuroscience this is a much less sensational way to phrase the headline and is perhaps in response to the harsh criticism of Nero skeptic42/51
many of the points raised by euro skeptic make a lot of sense to me and I think this outlines a major point of disagreement and scientists who are studying the human brain the main point of contention here is whether or not human consciousness is a physical brain based phenomenon further bearings attitude of smugness and overconfidence is something I think is all too common within the scientific43/51
community and it's actually standing in the way of a constructive and open scientific debate on the other hand many have criticized the blogger who goes by the name Nero skeptic for not revealing his or her true identity but eurosceptic response to this criticism by saying that using a pseudonym is a way of illustrating the fact that the ideas themselves are more important than the character of44/51
the person communicating them I don't really think that transparency and openness is a better approach to scientific discourse but eurosceptic raises an interesting point here that causes me to question that what do you think does anonymity help bring us back to a more constructive an open scientific debate doesn't shift the focus away from being on the ego and personality of the researchers themselves and towards being45/51
on their results in their findings that's it for this edition of mine hack thanks are watching and please like and share this video with your friends I'm Jeff to Risso and I'll see you next time this is a special announcement news but is proud to offer something you won't find another news welcome to news but academy for the first time news but is offering online courses46/51
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