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Channel / Source:
TEDx Talks
Published: 2016-06-01
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YeQi5Zqy1I
thank you you are breaking security mechanisms when I was an undergraduate student I won't is a hockey in the computer security fear wish to be hired by banks and credit card services to conduct penetration tests to try to find critical gaps in the security of these bags and develop victim measures let me show you one of my favorite hot here is the younger version of me
and behind me you can see the door to the IT department off a major bank in Israel the store is controlled by into cool that's a very simple device you press on the bottom because the secretary and if she knows who she was first eight on the telephone and the door will open but I'm going to show you is that each one of you can open
the snow in five seconds by playing the sound aids from your own cell phone just makes it into that's yeah those comedy piece then PM no secretary there okay according to secretary no one is there playing a and taking the money don't try this at home after a few years of smoking is the hot here I graduated switch things to genetics and eventually became a professor
of computational genomics and you know weeks we don't have bags but they found that we have biobanks this registries collect and store the DNA off many individuals to have access to the boxes for scientists and they can get to a very large scale three sons he was there biobanking no way that stores the DNA of half a million individuals scientists can use the DNA to understand
the genetic basis of different types of disorders such as heart disease cancer or psychiatric illnesses once we know the genetic basis we can now call for help for full patients we can offer them early diagnosis and intervention to illustrate how this process might look like I want to show you a short scene from there a futuristic movie got the cops in this scene the reason you're
born and the doctors are going to connect blood from this new born in analyze his DNA immediately to know all the previous positions in the first moments of his life that's how it goes ten fingers tantos that's all that used to matter not now now only seconds so the exact time because my dad was already know only to convene a lot alike the logical conditions sixty
percent probability manic depression forty two percent have ability attention deficit disorder eighty nine percent probability hi disorder ninety nine percent probability so that we feel that this baby is a ninety nine percent were beautiful hardy so do we can intervene any many by drug via surgery may be the future by Krista so of them got the guy the futuristic movie the same highlights the DNA can
reveal engulfing formation about diseases and that may be sensitive for some of you so vile bonds developed security measures to protect the identity in the privacy of the participants when scientists axis in the nineties about balance they don't get their name for the contact information at least people they only get access to the DNA with some basic demographic information such as where the symphony was collected
or what is the age of the person but the identity remains anonymous he how care I wondered if the security mechanism is good and I wanted to try to hockey then to see if I can Veach the privacy of these participants so my lab conducted an empirical test we took a DNA sample foam at U. S. by a bank now since this person could much a
anyone in the U. S. thing we show search space was the entire US population over three hundred million individuals then we started to walk with the demographic identify risk to narrow down the search space we knew that the same pale came from Utah which has a population of three million individuals then we discover that the Senate then has a white clothes on meaning that this is
a male witch hunt for the search space to about one point five million individuals and then based on demographic information we knew the discourse on he's forty nine years old which produced the search space to twenty thousand individuals by this point we exhausted all the demographic identifiers Steve had twenty thousand people and you know who is that person they're stuck then we for their bodies really
really really cool hack we found that we can infer indiscernible if the person just by looking at the DNA let me show you how it works consider here the call box family now let's assume that they have a son and the father would give his son his wife from was all and also his surname now if this site is getting married and also has a son
he was giving his wife chromosome and also he's turning to see this creates a correlation between the specific quite close on his crotch family and between discerning genetic geology companies take advantage of what the score they should and they offer services where they would send you a swab to send to the DNA in your cheek you've put it in an envelope with ninety nine Bucks an
important and the Senate of them they will analyze your Y. chromosome and your surname and we'll put it in an open database such as why six dot org this website is open for everyone of you without subscription so you can look at the data on this website many people do these tests just because they want to learn about their ancestry they want to find their relatives
or maybe he meets their black sheep in the family so when this database right now there are over one hundred and seventy thousand records both surnames NY chromosomes so going back to our allegedly anonymous samples we took the wife comes off this individual and search this database and eventually we found a match do not the Y. chromosome since this delightful was always were identical we also
knew that the surnames should not each other so now we're a button for discerning of niece anonymous person which I'm going to turn Mister X. yes to respect and he's he's privacy now we have discerning and indiscernible reduced the search space from twenty thousand individuals all the way to a single individual only one person at this point we knew the identity of the space on its
first name and last name we knew his face will provide a email address contact information where he leaves all of these were connected with he's genomic information with all his predispositions just to show that this process we walks repeatedly sonatas these over and over again with more centers and were able to breach the privacy close to fifteen different participants we had their entire genome and full
name and contact information and we're very pleased to see that the study generated a lot of media attention because we wanted to start a dialogue between scientists bail bonds and the general public about how we should move forward and I want to emphasize that this issue is not just a problem for the US by a bank also for other about them Simone toward so it's also
generated some attention from the international media so you know it may be we should just with mental illness that banks I could not put that Delphi Missy their security measures don't walk maybe should just shut them down maybe you should not go so fast let me tell you what is at stake I would like you to meet a rear up a reluctant adorable little gal that
was born we've fission of formation during your childhood she developed brain concept and their family conducted my lab to see if we can help we sequenced how you don't you know and we're able to pinpoint the mutation that Cole was nice fisherman's formation and quite likely also used have counter status today I realize healthy this photo was taken two weeks ago yeah in Hobart means for
celebration in Israel she's doing great without biobanks we were not be able to help are we allow the whole process relied on analyzing it all for the so finding peace mutation and you know we live on analyzing thousands of genomes of healthy individuals on these bad bands and contrasting these results mean the genome Afaria so Bob on some highly important for advancements in biomedical research for
families like every other but also for other types of diseases so thinking a lot about these tension between data sharing and privacy I realize that in many cases when people say I want my privacy in many cases that tell us I don't trust you with my data so instead of fixing privacy which might be quite hard we should focus one establishing trust relationships between scientists and
participants and when we have trust we can do great things that shows how it works in practice this website is called DNA let me put this website a few months ago and the aim of this website is to crowdsource genetic information from the job public we don't use website in October and since then we collected close to twenty two thousand genomes about three thousand units every
month or one hundred you know with every day and we do that because we have trust relationships how do we get to be stressed relationships we return individuals useful and interesting information when they upload original tall website for example we analyzed for each you know the answer through composition of this individual what you see over here is the denial and results for my on Gino I'm
have a scan of the Jews and you can see that they might read the great segment in that you know and my mother's side is from the Jewish community was Vicky seventy so the other segments that reflect my maternal line we do it for every genome and then people for the free reciprocate we give them something back and this creates these relationships in addition to create
trust we want to have these data with the community and to have the Stella we're very pleased to see that people know committee put together Facebook page and then it on their own initiative to discuss the results of the get from him and then to have each other with misinformation and also we can go and tell them what we do with their data and this is
by basically when we go to this website we can show them what is what is in the genome and you can tell about their science that we have over there creating distrust relationships in addition wants to be in the community I want to serve as an example for the committee and I also share my own genome point nine because I want a single people that if
they give me that you know I want to also show them life on test results and I want to encourage each one of you to consider showing no genomic information and participating in such studies think about it each one of you is going to be sick at some point in your lifetime worst of our loved ones might receive about kids other scholars as our parents and
when their secret one can give the best clinical care that he's available we've genomics we kinda stand the blueprints of defense human models we can develop better treatments we can really open a new chapter in the medical research but this cannot happen without our participation resort in college each one of you two point we could you know thank you very much
