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TEDx Talks
Published: 2013-09-06
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-T7tCMUDXU
thank you I'm wondering does is quite beautiful to look at and I guess you you probably all know that your two thirds water but you know right but but you may not know that that because the water was so two thirds translate into ninety nine percent of your molecules think of it ninety nine percent of your molecules are water so do those who your your your
shoes are carrying around a blob of water essentially no so lesson is in your sale goes those water molecules actually do something Barry's mother kills essentially jobless you need to do something that might be are really really interesting and that for that matter I we even really sure that water is H. two O. we read about that in the textbook but is it possible that some
water is actually not H. two O. so these are these are questions that terror whose answers are actually not as simple as you think they might in fact we're really in the dark about what we know so little why do we know so little well you probably think that water it's so pervasive it's such a simple molecule that everything ought to be known about water right
I mean you think it's all there but scientists think the same many scientists think of hot water it's so simple that everything must be no M. not that's not all the kids filling assure you start with a few examples of things about mortar that we ought to know but we really haven't heard so here's something that you see every day you see a cloud in the
sky and I probably you haven't asked the question how does the water get there %HESITATION why I mean there's only one cloud sitting there and the water is evaporating everywhere why does it go to this forming what you see I have a question could you imagine droplets floating on water and it's not droplets to to matter how amassed instantly with water the droplets process for a
long time and then here's another example of walking on water this is that this is a lizard %HESITATION from lizard from the Central America and because walks on water exploded Christ lizard if you say well I know the answer today as the surface tension use is high on water but the common idea our surface tension that there's a single molecular layer of water at the top
in this single molecular there is sufficient to create enough cool whatever you put there I think this is an example that doesn't fit that and here's another example too because of water you put two electrodes in and you put high voltage between them and then what happens is a bridge forms and this bridge is made of water needs of water and this bridge can be sustained
as you move one Baker away from the other be care as much as four centimeters saying essentially indefinitely how come we don't understand so what I need is time there are lots of things about morning that we should have but we don't understand and so we we really don't know so okay so what do we know about water yeah water the water molecule two hydrogens you
learn the textbooks we know that %HESITATION and we also know there are many water molecules in these water molecules are actually moving around %HESITATION microscopically so we know that what don't we know about water well we don't know something anything about the social behavior of water well Hey mean by social well you know sitting at the bar and chatting with your neighbor we don't know how
water molecules actually share information or in throughout and also we don't know about the the actual movements of water molecules how water molecules interact with one another and also how water molecules interact with other molecules like that purple one sitting there on them also the phases of water now we've all learned meanwhile learned that there's a solid phase liquid phase in the vapor phase however a
hundred years ago there was some idea that there might be a fourth space somewhere in between a solid and and the liquid Sir William hardy famous physical chemist hundred years ago exactly a professor that there was actually a fourth phase of water and this water was kind of more ordered and then other kinds and in fact had a shell consistency so the question arose to us
you know and all this was forgotten because because people began as methods improved to begin to study molecules instead of ensembles of molecules and people forgot about the connectivity of water molecules and began looking the same as in biology me began looking individual molecules lost sight of the collection so we thought we're gonna look at this because we had some idea that it's possible that this
missing link this or are always right actually missing so that we can understand the phenomena regarding water that we don't understand so we started by %HESITATION looking somewhere between a solid and liquid and the first experiments that we did get us going look at the jail that's the solid and we put it makes the water and we had some particles to the water because we had
the sense that something that that articles which tell us something and sure enough you can see that what happened is that the particles began moving away from the interface between the jail and the water and they just kept moving and moving and moving and they wound up stopping at a distance that's well roughly the size of one of your Harris not me seem small but by
molecular dimensions that's practically infinite it's a huge margin so we are starting the properties of this room and we call that for obvious reasons the exclusion zone because practically everything you put there we get excluded would get expelled from this known as it built up or isn't of exclusion zone easy for short and that's how we found that the materia kinds of materials that would create
a nuclear there's this kind of sound not just jails but we found that practically every water loving our so called hydrophilic circus could do exactly that creating the easy water and I think he's the water bill that would expel all this audience are particles whatever in into the bulk water it would be I am learning about the properties and we've spent now quite a few years
at looking at the at the properties and so I thought some cheerio I'm to the water and these sheets are easy you and the building buildings building up one by one and so if you look at the structure and each one of these planes you can see that it's a honeycomb ExxonMobil kind of of structured like artists but but not ice if you look at it
carefully conceiving the Arab molecular structures of course it consists of hydrogen and oxygen what but it should not water molecules if you start counting the number of hybrid ends and the number of oxygen's it turns out that it's not it's too well exactly each three oh too so it's possible that there's water that's not H. too well phase of water so we began looking of course
more into these are extremely interesting properties and what we found is we stopped electrodes into the easy water because we thought there might be some electrical potential it turned out that there's lots of negative charge in that zone and we use and dies too soon positive charge and we found that in the bulk orders on there was an equal amount of positivity so what's going on
it looked like is that next through these interfaces the water molecule we somehow splitting up into a negative part in the positive part and the negative parts and sat right next to the water loving material in the positive charges went out and beyond that and then we can actually it's the same you didn't need a straight interface you can also have a sphere so you put
us here in the water and any spare have since are develops one of these exclusion zones easy's around that with the negative charge and beyond that is all the positive charge charge separation you didn't have to be only a material spear and in fact yeah drop put in there what problem we're not even a bubble you get the same result surrounding each one of these entities
a negative charge operating positive charge so here's a question for you you think to have these negatively charged entities and you drop them in the beaker of water near each other what happens to the distance between them now I bet that ninety five percent of you would say well it's easy I learned this visit negative and negative retaliates Honda so therefore they're gonna go apart from
one another right that what you you gas well natural result of you think about it is that it's not only the positive charge negative charge but you also have a positive charge and the positive charges especially concentrated in between those two spheres because they come from contributions from both of those fears under a lot of them there would you posit in between two negatives what happens
is that you get an attractive force and so you expect these two spirits who actually come together despite the fact that they have the same charge and that's exactly what happens it's been known for for many years they come together and if you have many of them instead of just two of them you get something that looks like this they now come together and this is
called a colloid crystal it's a stable structure in fact the ogre that you might have this morning probably it says that what you see right here so they come together because of the opposite charge the same thing is true if you have droplets they come together because of the opposing charges so when you think of droplets aerosol droplets in the air and think about the clouds
it's actually the reason pop these aerosol droplets come together is because of this opposite charge so that not much in the air similarly charged hung together coalesced giving you that cloud in the sky so the fourth phase are easy phase actually explains quite a lot I it explains for example the clouds and the clouds it's the positive charge and draws these negative in the charts easy
sales together to give you a condensed cloud that you see up in the sky I'm in terms of the water droplets the reason that is %HESITATION sustain on the surface were actually sometimes as long as tens of stalking you can see it if you if you're in a boat and it's raining and sometimes I see this on the surface of the lake harm these droplets our
system I'm the reason there's a Spain is that it's probably contains this shell is easy shall and the show has to be breached in order for the water to coalesce with the water beneath L. terms of the Jesus Christ lizard how the reason the liver can walk it's not because of one single molecular layer but there are many easy layers lining the service and user gel
like their stiffer than %HESITATION ordinary surface and so therefore you can float a calling on the Serbs who are you can float a paper clip although if you put it beneath the service it's the bottom because of that and and in terms of the %HESITATION the water bridge if you think of it as playing all liquid bulk water hard to understand think of it as easy
water and the JLI character and you can understand how it could be sustained with all very stiff structure okay so oh oh when good but why is this useful for us what can we do it well wouldn't get energy from water without the energy that we can get from mortars free energy literally free and take it from environment let me explain so you have a situation
in the diagram with negative charge I'm positive charge and when you have two opposing charges next to each other it's like a battery so really we have essentially a battery made of water battery made of of water and if my students track charge from it so that that is is the Arab right now batteries run down like your cell phone doesn't needs to be plugged in
every day or two and so the question is well what charges this water battery into us awhile to figure that out what we charges the battery and one day we're doing experiments I'm a student in the lab walks by and have his lan anything to help me shines it on on the specimen and where the light was shining who we found that the exclusion zone grew
grew by leaps and bounds so with so how it looks like lie in many experiments to show that the energy for building this comes from light it comes not only I do recognize but also indirectly I what I mean by indirect light well what I mean is that the indirect light is in who example infrared light that exist all over his this auditorium if we were
to turn out all the alliance including the floodlights and I pulled out my infrared camera and look at the audience you too very clear high image I look at the walls and see a very clear image the reason for that is that everything is is is giving off infrared energy you are giving off incorrect energy that's the energy that's most effective in building its charge separation
and the sport no so in other words you have the material you have the easy water and you collect energy from outside as you collect the energy from outside the bills and you take away that extra energy you know go back to its normal size so this battery basically charts my life by the sun it's a gift from the some if you think about it what's
going on if you think about the plans that you have sitting in in in your kitchen beginning lines you know where the energy comes from the energy come from the light that's the photons that hit the plant that's apply only energy right then the plan converts it to chemical energy the light energy to chemical managing the chemical energy is then used to do growth and what
have you that we all know it's very common what I'm suggesting to you from our results is that the same thing happens in water no surprise because because the plant is mostly water so suggesting here that energy is coming in from outside light energy infrared energy radiant energy basically and the water is absorbing the energy and converting that energy into some sort of useful I used
to wear how why isn't E. equals aids to our different from the reason that you're familiar with but I think it really is true that you can't separate and from water water is the repository of energy coming free from the environment now can we harvest some of this energy or is it just totally useless well we can do that because you have a negative zone and
a positive zone and if you put two that parents and you can get energy right just like a battery we've done that they were able to for example I'm a simple optical display can be run from the energy that you get from here and obviously we need to build it up into something bigger and more major in order to get the energy this is free energy
and it comes from water another opportunity and we've been developing is getting drinking clear free drinking water so if you have a hundred and you contaminated water next to it with junk that you want to get rid of so what happens as I've shown you is that it's not it's exploded found out beyond two beyond the explosions out and the remaining easy doesn't have any contaminants
you could put bacteria marron bacteria would would go out and because the explosions those big it's easy to extract the water and harvested and we and we're working on making good I can make it practical well one of the things we noticed that he looks is no salt is also excluded how when no thinking are about extending this route putting an ocean water you put the